GI-TOC’s report, Judiciary and Anti-Corruption Bodies in the Western Balkans, flags political interference and limited resources as key challenges, calling for robust oversight and independent institutions

by | Sep 9, 2025

The report assesses the integrity and independence of judicial and anti-corruption bodies in the Western Balkans, highlighting persistent political interference, weak implementation of legal safeguards, opaque appointment processes, and resource constraints that...

GI-TOC highlights that organised crime in South Caucasus is going transnational, exploiting trade routes, political tolerance, and digital tools to fuel sanctions evasion and global illicit networks

by | Aug 13, 2025

While Azerbaijan has largely absorbed criminal networks into the state apparatus, Georgia and Armenia see groups operating with tacit political tolerance. Thieves-in-law remain influential, maintaining international operations in extortion, illicit trade, and money...

GI‑TOC Research report maps East and Southern Africa as a major conduit for heroin, illicit gold, and wildlife trafficking, fueled by global crime networks, insurgents, and weak border controls

by | Jul 30, 2025

The report highlights the emergence of critical regional hubs and the complex cross-border illicit economies , spanning drugs, wildlife trafficking, illegal mining, and human smuggling that underpin these risks. This evolving landscape underscores the urgent need for...