GI‑TOC Research report maps East and Southern Africa as a major conduit for heroin, illicit gold, and wildlife trafficking, fueled by global crime networks, insurgents, and weak border controls

The report highlights the emergence of critical regional hubs and the complex cross-border illicit economies , spanning drugs, wildlife trafficking, illegal mining, and human smuggling that underpin these risks. This evolving landscape underscores the urgent need for coordinated enforcement and regulatory strategies to address the multifaceted financial crime challenges in the region…