OECD report ‘Benefits of AI Openness’ examines how open AI systems, through shared models, datasets and collaboration, can drive innovation, improve transparency and support inclusive economic growth

The report assesses the potential benefits of AI openness, drawing on OECD analysis, the OECD.AI Policy Observatory and third-party research to consider how openness may affect economic outcomes, innovation dynamics and regional or national AI development. It introduces an AI stack framework to distinguish how openness operates across different layers of AI systems, helping policymakers identify where open approaches may support growth while still requiring appropriate governance..