Basel analyses how Bulgaria’s EU accession reshaped corruption risks at Kapitan Andreevo border, driving more sophisticated fraud, smuggling and corruption tactics despite stronger controls

The study examines how stricter EU regulations, enhanced surveillance technology, and expanded border control capacity altered criminal incentives and corruption risks at one of the EU’s key external border crossings. Findings show that organised crime groups and corrupt actors adapted through evolving tactics including VAT fraud, concealment methods, illicit privatisation of…